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Shogi, or Japanese Chess, is similar to chess but has a much larger game tree complexity because of the use of drops.〔 〕 However, like chess, the game can be divided into the opening, middle game and endgame, each requiring a different strategy. The opening consists of arranging one's defenses and positioning for attack, the middle game consists of attempting to break through the opposing defenses while maintaining one's own, and the endgame starts when one side's defenses have been compromised. The basic tactics of shogi are similar to those of chess, involving forks, pins, removing the defender and other techniques, all of which are considered very strong when used effectively. ==Opening== The opening of shogi is generally slower than that of chess, due to the larger board and less mobile pieces. But since a quick offense will leave a player's home territory open to drop attacks as soon as pieces are exchanged, the aim of the opening is to build up defenses for the king, typically by moving the king to the side in a castle with three generals.〔 〕 Leaving a king on its original square (居玉 ''igyoku'' or "sitting king") is a particularly dangerous position.〔 Both players can move the rook pawn forward, or, more commonly, advance the pawn above and to the right of the bishop. The former is known as a ''rook opening'' and the latter a ''bishop opening.'' With a bishop opening, it's common to exchange bishops by having one capture the other. This allows each player to put their newly captured bishop into play anywhere on the board, although care must be taken to avoid weaknesses in defense which may allow for a bishop drop. However, it is not advantageous to exchange bishops if your opponent has a better defensive setup, or more lines of attack. Moreover, making a bishop exchange constitutes one turn loss, so it's not advised without a good reason. Openings are also classified as ''static rook'' (居飛車 ''ibisha'') openings, where the offense is supported by the rook in its original position, and ''ranging rook'' (振り飛車 ''furibisha'') openings, where the rook moves to the center or left of the board to support an attack there, typically with the idea of allowing the opponent to attack while arranging a better defense and aiming for a counterattack. However, as the most powerful piece on the board, the rook invites attack, and in most cases, especially for weaker players, it is a good idea to keep the king well away from the rook.〔 Many common opening attacks involve advancing a silver, and ideally a pawn, along a file protected by the rook. This is the ''climbing silver'' attack.〔 Because silvers have more possibilities for retreat, while golds better defend their sides, silvers are generally considered superior as attacking pieces, and golds superior as defensive pieces. It is common practice to defend the king with three generals, two golds and a silver. Over many decades, Japanese professional players have all invented various jouseki (定石), which determine moves and sequences which are thought to be the best for a particular situation. It also covers a branch of different variations within an intricate strategy, including alternative options and the certain consequences that some moves may bring. For example, in Double Wing Attack jouseki, it is important for both players to protect the Bishop's head with the Gold, rather than immediately push the Rook pawn again. If either player ignores this, their Bishop may get trapped by a simple pawn drop. Because defense is so important, and because shogi pieces are relatively slow movers, the opening game tends to be much longer in shogi than in international chess,〔 commonly with a dozen or more moves to shore up defenses before the initial attack is made. There are several strong defensive fortifications known as ''castles.'' There are many variations and types of castles which can be used, but it is essential to understand which ones are useful in the current situation and how to compensate for its weak points. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shogi strategy and tactics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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